News

Uganda: ICC Press release; Other news and opinions

28 June 2010

Dear all,

Please find below information about recent developments related to the International Criminal Court's investigation in Uganda.

This message includes a press release issued by the ICC (I) as well as other news and opinions (II).

Please take note of the Coalition's policy on situations before the ICC (below), which explicitly states that the CICC will not take a position on potential and current situations before the Court or situations under analysis. The Coalition, however, will continue to provide the most up-to-date information about the ICC.

With regards,

CICC Secretariat
www.coalitionfortheicc.org

*****************************************************
I. ICC PRESS RELEASE

i. "ICC Outreach Unit facilitates children's dialogue in Uganda", by ICC Press Office, 17 June 2010, http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/press and media/press releases/pr550

"Thousands of children who have suffered and are still suffering crimes of an international nature during armed conflicts were honoured by their Ugandan peers during events organised by the ICC Outreach Unit in the district of Gulu, on 16 June, to commemorate the Day of the African Child, observed across Africa.

The commemorative acts included an outreach session and a one hour radio talk show.

The outreach session was attended by 1,600 children, aged 13 to 19, from four secondary schools in the Gulu district namely, Awere Secondary School, Sacred Heart Secondary School, Lukome Secondary school and Bishop Negri College. The radio talk show, hosted by Mega FM, Gulu, enabled a dialogue between children and listeners calling into the radio station.

Schools Outreach Session

During the interactive session, Outreach officials made presentations on the Court's mandate and its current cases, followed by a question and answer session. Discussions focused in the provision that the Court does not prosecute people who were below the age of 18 when alleged crimes were committed; and the rights of victims to participate voluntarily in ICC proceedings, and the distinct roles of victims before the Court that can be participants or witnesses to render testimonies in the courtroom if they are called by the Prosecutor or by the Defence.

Key statements were also delivered by the Head Teachers of the participating schools, who denounced all forms of abuse against children and reiterated their commitment to the promotion of children's rights as provided in the national constitution, as well as other international instruments that govern the rights of children. They called for the immediate release of children who are still in captivity and urged that the perpetrators of such atrocious crimes are made accountable 'before a transparent and credible judicial system'.

Pupils and teachers asked questions pertaining to the enforcement of arrest warrants, ICC mechanisms to protect victims and witnesses, justice and peace process, and decisions adopted during a Conference of States Parties of the ICC, concluded recently in Kampala.

Radio talk show

Thousands of people in the Acholi sub-region listened to the voices of children invited to the popular talk-show that specialises in promoting respect for human rights and the rule of law. In a dialogue between the special guests and the audience, several abuses allegedly committed by different armed actors during conflicts were highlighted. Issues related to war crimes of an international nature were also discussed. People asked questions about heinous acts such as murder, conscription, abduction, slavery, torture and rape. Several children called the radio station and thanked the ICC Outreach Unit for the initiative that enabled the 'children to talk to children' on issues that affect their well-being.

In the coming weeks, the Outreach Unit will replicate similar programmes in the affected communities of Teso, Lango and Madi sub-regions of north and north-eastern Uganda, in order to raise awareness about the plight of children in armed conflicts...."

II. LATEST NEWS AND OPINIONS

i. "ICC fails to fund war victims", by Mary Karugaba (New Vision), 8 June 2010, http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/722188

"WAR victims in the north will have to wait a little longer to get funds to cater for their needs from the International Criminal Court (ICC) Trust Fund.

The chairperson of the trust fund, Elizabeth Rehn, recently said they were unable to reach all the war victims in the north due to limited resources, since the fund relies only on contributions from member countries.

Rehn, who has been in the north assessing the conditions of the 21-year war survivors, hoped that after the review of the Rome statute, the ICC will not only provide peace, but also financial support to the victims.

... Renn called on the Government to continue taking care of the war victims. ..."

ii. "Uganda politician refers Museveni to ICC ahead of election", Daily Nation, 3 June 2010, http://www.nation.co.ke/News/africa/Uganda politician refers Museveni  to ICC/-/1066/931656/-/lh3yxsz/-/

"A Ugandan opposition leader called for the International Criminal Court to investigate the country's president ahead of 2011 elections over alleged crimes committed in northern Uganda and in the capital Kampala.

Mr Olara Otunnu, a former UN under secretary-general, handed evidence to ICC chief prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo at a review conference of the Hague-based court in Kampala today and requested a probe into President Yoweri Museveni.

... Mr Moreno-Ocampo said anyone in Uganda can lodge evidence with the prosecutor for assessment, but stressed he is only mandated to investigate crimes that took place after July 1, 2002 when the ICC was established...."

iii. "Uganda: ICC to investigate allegations of army atrocities", IRIN News, 3 June 2010, http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=89357

"The Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC), Luis Moreno-Ocampo, said on 3 June the ICC was assessing information accusing the Ugandan military of war crimes and atrocities committed in the 20-year civil war in the north of the country.

... 'There are complaints [against the UPDF] and we are analyzing them. There are cases of torture and mass displacement though some are outside our mandate that started in 2002. Any citizen of Uganda could send communication to my office and I will treat them properly according to judicial standards,' he said.

He said, however, the gravest cases documented under the mandate period of the court were committed by the LRA, which killed thousands of people in a war that displaced almost two million people and left thousands maimed...."

iv. "Uganda Victims Question ICC's Balance ", by Florence Ogola (IWPR), 14 June 2010, http://www.iwpr.net/report-news/uganda-victims-question-iccs-balance

"Victims of Uganda's civil war have criticised international justice for being too one-sided.

Victims of the two-decades-long conflict in the north of Uganda have been calling for justice to be applied fairly to all parties who allegedly carried out atrocities.

The calls were aired as the president of the International Criminal Court, ICC, Sang-Hyun Song, toured the north late last month, in an attempt to raise the court's profile and connect with local people.

Song, whose trip took place just ahead of the Kampala Review Conference on the future of the ICC that ended last Friday, spoke to groups of people that couldn't understand why the international community was so intent on bringing members of the Lord's Resistance Army, LRA, to justice, but appeared to overlook crimes that had been allegedly committed by the other side in the twenty-year conflict.

'Why is it that the LRA are the only ones wanted by the ICC?' Christopher Okidi, a former guild president at Gulu University, demanded. 'Does it mean that the UPDF (Ugandan People's Defence Force) did not commit any atrocities in northern Uganda?'

... Though the ICC claims that the LRA committed the worst atrocities during the country's conflict, there remains a widespread belief in the region that the UPDF was also guilty of crimes that should be looked at by the international court.

Suspicions were heightened by a 2007 report from the United Nations, which suggested that the Ugandan government should share some of the blame for the war.

... Most of these reported crimes took place in the 1980s and early 1990s, during a particularly bloody phase of the war, as President Yoweri Museveni sought to consolidate his grip on power.

This creates a problem when trying to get the ICC to take action against alleged UPDF crimes, since the court can only investigate incidents that occurred after 2002, when it was established - and those who have been pushing for steps to be taken against the military have failed to come up with concrete evidence pertaining to more recent reported violations.

Army spokesman Lieutenant-Colonel Felix Kulayigye insists there were only isolated cases of military abuses and the perpetrators have since been punished.

... But Dennis Martins, the programme coordinator for Empowering Hands, a community support group for former child soldiers, warned that the concerns raised in the north reflect a problem that the ICC has not yet adequately addressed: that there are those it is trying to serve who question its integrity.

... When the ICC began its investigation into the atrocities committed by the LRA in northern Uganda, in 2005, victims hoped that justice would be swift.

But five years later, with no arrests, such hope has given way to frustration.

... Song pointed out, however, that the ICC was supposed to be a court of last resort and that it should be up to national courts to try lower-level perpetrators.

'I realise others, too, have committed crimes and all who commit crimes should be held responsible,' he said. 'But the ICC is only one piece of the puzzle. It is an important part, but by no means a full answer to your search for peace and justice.'

Recently, Kampala tasked a division of the High Court to try alleged war criminals that the ICC is unlikely to deal with.

Justice Akiki Kiiza, who presides over the division, says that war crimes trials held in the country will function in a similar fashion to those in The Hague, with three judges officiating each case.

The court currently has four judges capable of overseeing war crimes trials, and is searching for a fifth, which Kiiza hopes could come from the international community, in order to bring some outside expertise.

Kiiza says that the court is ready to try war crimes suspects as soon as the department of the public prosecutor refers a case to them.

'Unlike the ICC, we can try all war crimes cases, and not just those that happened after 2002,' he told IWPR. 'We are simply a division of the High Court, and we can try any crime that was committed since the creation of the High Court and the High Court has been in existence for a very long time.'..."

vi. "Report Says Uganda's Elusive LRA Rebel Almost Caught Last Year", by Alisha Ryu (VOA News), 24 June 2010, http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/africa/east/Report-Says-Ugandas-Elusive-LRA-Rebel-Almost-Caught-Last-Year-97078584.html

"A new report by the Washington-based, anti-genocide Enough Project says the elusive leader of the Ugandan rebel Lord's Resistance Army was nearly caught last year by the Ugandan army in a remote area of the Central African Republic. But group says limited assistance from the international community and lack of support from regional governments are hampering the Ugandan army's ability to deal a knock-out blow to the terrorist organization.

The Enough Project says it conducted extensive interviews with eyewitnesses in southeastern Central African Republic, where at least 134 people have been killed and more than 500 others kidnapped by Lord's Resistance Army rebels in the past two-and-a-half years...."

vii. "On the Heels of Kony: The Untold Tragedy Unfolding in the Central African Republic", Report by Ledio Cakaj (Enough), 24 June 2010, http://www.enoughproject.org/publications/heels-of-joseph-kony-commander-of-lords-resistance-army

"The Lord's Resistance Army, or LRA, has been ruthlessly attacking civilians in the Central African Republic, or CAR, since February 2008. Attacks continued unabated in the country's isolated southeastern Haut Mbomou and Mbomou prefectures, and surged during the first three months of 2010. Despite this deadly track record, LRA violence in CAR, one of the world's poorest countries, has been badly under-reported and gone largely unnoticed. This report, which is based on extensive interviews with eyewitnesses gathered during field research in LRA-affected regions, describes in detail the LRA's reign of terror in CAR over the past two years.

The report illuminates the casual brutality of the LRA in considerable detail, including the terrible toll the militia continues to inflict on civilians in a largely forgotten corner of Africa. These incidents make a compelling case that the international community continues to do too little too late to end the scourge of the LRA.

This research underscores two other key points:

* Joseph Kony and other senior LRA leaders were nearly within the grasp of the Ugandan People's Defense Force, or UPDF, last year and could very likely have been apprehended if the United States and other members of the international community had provided more effective assistance in the form of intelligence sharing and key logistical and operational support for military operations.
* There is a genuine risk of the LRA being able to regroup over time in CAR despite some key losses because of that country's general lack of internal security and the relative absence of international attention to the situation in CAR. ..."

SEE ALSO:

i. "Uganda opposition chief urges ICC to probe leader", AFP, 3 June 2010, http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iF49BwlGEr1L5NOBWlw4hN4tngEg

ii. "Opposition Leader Wants ICC to Investigate Uganda's Leader", by Peter Clottey (VOA News), 3 June 2010, http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/africa/Opposition-Leader-Wants-ICC-to-Investigate-Ugandas-Leader-95575984.html

iii. "Calls for war crimes investigation of Ugandan president intensify", by David Rupiny (RNW), 3 June 2010, http://www.rnw.nl/international-justice/article/calls-war-crimes-investigation-ugandan-president-intensify

iv. "ICC to investigate Ugandan army", by Samson Ntale (CNN), 3 June 2010, http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/06/03/uganda.army.icc/

v. "Otunnu petitions ICC to probe Museveni", by Alfred Nyongesa Wandera (Daily Monitor), 4 June 2010, http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/931966/-/x0qcsn/-/

vi. "International Court Won't Probe Ugandan President, Vision Says", by Fred Ojambo (Bloomberg), 4 June 2010, http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601116&sid=aC93eLWbIZHk

vii. "Opposition Leader Wants ICC to Investigate Uganda's Leader", Soldier of Fortune Magazine, 4 June 2010, http://www.sofmag.com/wp/2010/06/opposition-leader-wants-icc-to-investigate-ugandaâs-leader/

viii. "Ofwono on Otunnu's ICC petition", by Ofwono Opondo (New Vision), 4 June 2010, http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/721791

ix. "ICC Agrees to Look Into UPDF; Otunnu Submits Evidence to ICC Boss", by unknown author (Ugandans Abroad), 5 June 2010, http://ugandansabroad.org/2010/06/05/icc-agrees-to-look-into-updf-otunnu-submits-evidence-to-icc-boss/

x. "Otunnu tells Museveni to prepare ICC defence", by Richard Wanambwa (Daily Monitor), 9 June 2010, http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/934912/-/x0sfmm/-/

xi. "It is wrong to intimidate the ICC over criminals", by Lt. Col. Felix Kulayigye, Defence spokesman (Daily Monitor), 22 June 2010, http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/-/689364/943640/-/a0f81kz/-/

xii. "Odama Should Not Intimidate the ICC", by UPDF spokesperson Felix Kulayigye (New Vision), 7 June 2010, http://allafrica.com/stories/201006080845.html

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News Browse by Region Media Digests Country Updates UN Excerpts on the ICC Updates of the Assembly Browse by Region		Uganda: ICC Press release; Other news and opinions 28 June 2010 Dear all, Please find below information about recent developments related to the International Criminal Court's investigation in Uganda. This message includes a press release issued by the ICC (I) as well as other news and opinions (II). Please take note of the Coalition's policy on situations before the ICC (below), which explicitly states that the CICC will not take a position on potential and current situations before the Court or situations under analysis. The Coalition, however, will continue to provide the most up-to-date information about the ICC. With regards, CICC Secretariat www.coalitionfortheicc.org ***************************************************** I. ICC PRESS RELEASE i. "ICC Outreach Unit facilitates children's dialogue in Uganda", by ICC Press Office, 17 June 2010, http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/press and media/press releases/pr550 "Thousands of children who have suffered and are still suffering crimes of an international nature during armed conflicts were honoured by their Ugandan peers during events organised by the ICC Outreach Unit in the district of Gulu, on 16 June, to commemorate the Day of the African Child, observed across Africa. The commemorative acts included an outreach session and a one hour radio talk show. The outreach session was attended by 1,600 children, aged 13 to 19, from four secondary schools in the Gulu district namely, Awere Secondary School, Sacred Heart Secondary School, Lukome Secondary school and Bishop Negri College. The radio talk show, hosted by Mega FM, Gulu, enabled a dialogue between children and listeners calling into the radio station. Schools Outreach Session During the interactive session, Outreach officials made presentations on the Court's mandate and its current cases, followed by a question and answer session. Discussions focused in the provision that the Court does not prosecute people who were below the age of 18 when alleged crimes were committed; and the rights of victims to participate voluntarily in ICC proceedings, and the distinct roles of victims before the Court that can be participants or witnesses to render testimonies in the courtroom if they are called by the Prosecutor or by the Defence. Key statements were also delivered by the Head Teachers of the participating schools, who denounced all forms of abuse against children and reiterated their commitment to the promotion of children's rights as provided in the national constitution, as well as other international instruments that govern the rights of children. They called for the immediate release of children who are still in captivity and urged that the perpetrators of such atrocious crimes are made accountable 'before a transparent and credible judicial system'. Pupils and teachers asked questions pertaining to the enforcement of arrest warrants, ICC mechanisms to protect victims and witnesses, justice and peace process, and decisions adopted during a Conference of States Parties of the ICC, concluded recently in Kampala. Radio talk show Thousands of people in the Acholi sub-region listened to the voices of children invited to the popular talk-show that specialises in promoting respect for human rights and the rule of law. In a dialogue between the special guests and the audience, several abuses allegedly committed by different armed actors during conflicts were highlighted. Issues related to war crimes of an international nature were also discussed. People asked questions about heinous acts such as murder, conscription, abduction, slavery, torture and rape. Several children called the radio station and thanked the ICC Outreach Unit for the initiative that enabled the 'children to talk to children' on issues that affect their well-being. In the coming weeks, the Outreach Unit will replicate similar programmes in the affected communities of Teso, Lango and Madi sub-regions of north and north-eastern Uganda, in order to raise awareness about the plight of children in armed conflicts...." II. LATEST NEWS AND OPINIONS i. "ICC fails to fund war victims", by Mary Karugaba (New Vision), 8 June 2010, http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/722188 "WAR victims in the north will have to wait a little longer to get funds to cater for their needs from the International Criminal Court (ICC) Trust Fund. The chairperson of the trust fund, Elizabeth Rehn, recently said they were unable to reach all the war victims in the north due to limited resources, since the fund relies only on contributions from member countries. Rehn, who has been in the north assessing the conditions of the 21-year war survivors, hoped that after the review of the Rome statute, the ICC will not only provide peace, but also financial support to the victims. ... Renn called on the Government to continue taking care of the war victims. ..." ii. "Uganda politician refers Museveni to ICC ahead of election", Daily Nation, 3 June 2010, http://www.nation.co.ke/News/africa/Uganda politician refers Museveni to ICC/-/1066/931656/-/lh3yxsz/-/ "A Ugandan opposition leader called for the International Criminal Court to investigate the country's president ahead of 2011 elections over alleged crimes committed in northern Uganda and in the capital Kampala. Mr Olara Otunnu, a former UN under secretary-general, handed evidence to ICC chief prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo at a review conference of the Hague-based court in Kampala today and requested a probe into President Yoweri Museveni. ... Mr Moreno-Ocampo said anyone in Uganda can lodge evidence with the prosecutor for assessment, but stressed he is only mandated to investigate crimes that took place after July 1, 2002 when the ICC was established...." iii. "Uganda: ICC to investigate allegations of army atrocities", IRIN News, 3 June 2010, http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=89357 "The Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC), Luis Moreno-Ocampo, said on 3 June the ICC was assessing information accusing the Ugandan military of war crimes and atrocities committed in the 20-year civil war in the north of the country. ... 'There are complaints [against the UPDF] and we are analyzing them. There are cases of torture and mass displacement though some are outside our mandate that started in 2002. Any citizen of Uganda could send communication to my office and I will treat them properly according to judicial standards,' he said. He said, however, the gravest cases documented under the mandate period of the court were committed by the LRA, which killed thousands of people in a war that displaced almost two million people and left thousands maimed...." iv. "Uganda Victims Question ICC's Balance ", by Florence Ogola (IWPR), 14 June 2010, http://www.iwpr.net/report-news/uganda-victims-question-iccs-balance "Victims of Uganda's civil war have criticised international justice for being too one-sided. Victims of the two-decades-long conflict in the north of Uganda have been calling for justice to be applied fairly to all parties who allegedly carried out atrocities. The calls were aired as the president of the International Criminal Court, ICC, Sang-Hyun Song, toured the north late last month, in an attempt to raise the court's profile and connect with local people. Song, whose trip took place just ahead of the Kampala Review Conference on the future of the ICC that ended last Friday, spoke to groups of people that couldn't understand why the international community was so intent on bringing members of the Lord's Resistance Army, LRA, to justice, but appeared to overlook crimes that had been allegedly committed by the other side in the twenty-year conflict. 'Why is it that the LRA are the only ones wanted by the ICC?' Christopher Okidi, a former guild president at Gulu University, demanded. 'Does it mean that the UPDF (Ugandan People's Defence Force) did not commit any atrocities in northern Uganda?' ... Though the ICC claims that the LRA committed the worst atrocities during the country's conflict, there remains a widespread belief in the region that the UPDF was also guilty of crimes that should be looked at by the international court. Suspicions were heightened by a 2007 report from the United Nations, which suggested that the Ugandan government should share some of the blame for the war. ... Most of these reported crimes took place in the 1980s and early 1990s, during a particularly bloody phase of the war, as President Yoweri Museveni sought to consolidate his grip on power. This creates a problem when trying to get the ICC to take action against alleged UPDF crimes, since the court can only investigate incidents that occurred after 2002, when it was established - and those who have been pushing for steps to be taken against the military have failed to come up with concrete evidence pertaining to more recent reported violations. Army spokesman Lieutenant-Colonel Felix Kulayigye insists there were only isolated cases of military abuses and the perpetrators have since been punished. ... But Dennis Martins, the programme coordinator for Empowering Hands, a community support group for former child soldiers, warned that the concerns raised in the north reflect a problem that the ICC has not yet adequately addressed: that there are those it is trying to serve who question its integrity. ... When the ICC began its investigation into the atrocities committed by the LRA in northern Uganda, in 2005, victims hoped that justice would be swift. But five years later, with no arrests, such hope has given way to frustration. ... Song pointed out, however, that the ICC was supposed to be a court of last resort and that it should be up to national courts to try lower-level perpetrators. 'I realise others, too, have committed crimes and all who commit crimes should be held responsible,' he said. 'But the ICC is only one piece of the puzzle. It is an important part, but by no means a full answer to your search for peace and justice.' Recently, Kampala tasked a division of the High Court to try alleged war criminals that the ICC is unlikely to deal with. Justice Akiki Kiiza, who presides over the division, says that war crimes trials held in the country will function in a similar fashion to those in The Hague, with three judges officiating each case. The court currently has four judges capable of overseeing war crimes trials, and is searching for a fifth, which Kiiza hopes could come from the international community, in order to bring some outside expertise. Kiiza says that the court is ready to try war crimes suspects as soon as the department of the public prosecutor refers a case to them. 'Unlike the ICC, we can try all war crimes cases, and not just those that happened after 2002,' he told IWPR. 'We are simply a division of the High Court, and we can try any crime that was committed since the creation of the High Court and the High Court has been in existence for a very long time.'..." vi. "Report Says Uganda's Elusive LRA Rebel Almost Caught Last Year", by Alisha Ryu (VOA News), 24 June 2010, http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/africa/east/Report-Says-Ugandas-Elusive-LRA-Rebel-Almost-Caught-Last-Year-97078584.html "A new report by the Washington-based, anti-genocide Enough Project says the elusive leader of the Ugandan rebel Lord's Resistance Army was nearly caught last year by the Ugandan army in a remote area of the Central African Republic. But group says limited assistance from the international community and lack of support from regional governments are hampering the Ugandan army's ability to deal a knock-out blow to the terrorist organization. The Enough Project says it conducted extensive interviews with eyewitnesses in southeastern Central African Republic, where at least 134 people have been killed and more than 500 others kidnapped by Lord's Resistance Army rebels in the past two-and-a-half years...." vii. "On the Heels of Kony: The Untold Tragedy Unfolding in the Central African Republic", Report by Ledio Cakaj (Enough), 24 June 2010, http://www.enoughproject.org/publications/heels-of-joseph-kony-commander-of-lords-resistance-army "The Lord's Resistance Army, or LRA, has been ruthlessly attacking civilians in the Central African Republic, or CAR, since February 2008. Attacks continued unabated in the country's isolated southeastern Haut Mbomou and Mbomou prefectures, and surged during the first three months of 2010. Despite this deadly track record, LRA violence in CAR, one of the world's poorest countries, has been badly under-reported and gone largely unnoticed. This report, which is based on extensive interviews with eyewitnesses gathered during field research in LRA-affected regions, describes in detail the LRA's reign of terror in CAR over the past two years. The report illuminates the casual brutality of the LRA in considerable detail, including the terrible toll the militia continues to inflict on civilians in a largely forgotten corner of Africa. These incidents make a compelling case that the international community continues to do too little too late to end the scourge of the LRA. This research underscores two other key points: * Joseph Kony and other senior LRA leaders were nearly within the grasp of the Ugandan People's Defense Force, or UPDF, last year and could very likely have been apprehended if the United States and other members of the international community had provided more effective assistance in the form of intelligence sharing and key logistical and operational support for military operations. * There is a genuine risk of the LRA being able to regroup over time in CAR despite some key losses because of that country's general lack of internal security and the relative absence of international attention to the situation in CAR. ..." SEE ALSO: i. "Uganda opposition chief urges ICC to probe leader", AFP, 3 June 2010, http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iF49BwlGEr1L5NOBWlw4hN4tngEg ii. "Opposition Leader Wants ICC to Investigate Uganda's Leader", by Peter Clottey (VOA News), 3 June 2010, http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/africa/Opposition-Leader-Wants-ICC-to-Investigate-Ugandas-Leader-95575984.html iii. "Calls for war crimes investigation of Ugandan president intensify", by David Rupiny (RNW), 3 June 2010, http://www.rnw.nl/international-justice/article/calls-war-crimes-investigation-ugandan-president-intensify iv. "ICC to investigate Ugandan army", by Samson Ntale (CNN), 3 June 2010, http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/06/03/uganda.army.icc/ v. "Otunnu petitions ICC to probe Museveni", by Alfred Nyongesa Wandera (Daily Monitor), 4 June 2010, http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/931966/-/x0qcsn/-/ vi. "International Court Won't Probe Ugandan President, Vision Says", by Fred Ojambo (Bloomberg), 4 June 2010, http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601116&sid=aC93eLWbIZHk vii. "Opposition Leader Wants ICC to Investigate Uganda's Leader", Soldier of Fortune Magazine, 4 June 2010, http://www.sofmag.com/wp/2010/06/opposition-leader-wants-icc-to-investigate-ugandaâs-leader/ viii. "Ofwono on Otunnu's ICC petition", by Ofwono Opondo (New Vision), 4 June 2010, http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/721791 ix. "ICC Agrees to Look Into UPDF; Otunnu Submits Evidence to ICC Boss", by unknown author (Ugandans Abroad), 5 June 2010, http://ugandansabroad.org/2010/06/05/icc-agrees-to-look-into-updf-otunnu-submits-evidence-to-icc-boss/ x. "Otunnu tells Museveni to prepare ICC defence", by Richard Wanambwa (Daily Monitor), 9 June 2010, http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/934912/-/x0sfmm/-/ xi. "It is wrong to intimidate the ICC over criminals", by Lt. Col. Felix Kulayigye, Defence spokesman (Daily Monitor), 22 June 2010, http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/-/689364/943640/-/a0f81kz/-/ xii. "Odama Should Not Intimidate the ICC", by UPDF spokesperson Felix Kulayigye (New Vision), 7 June 2010, http://allafrica.com/stories/201006080845.html